^{Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on} Islamic Civilization in the Volga-Ural Region _{Ufa,21-22 October 2010}

"The fourth symposium on the theme “Islamic Civilisation in Volga-Ural Region” was held in Ufa, the capital city of Bashkortostan, in October 2010. The previous ones had taken place in Kazan, Tatarstan in 2001 and 2005 respectively and Ufa in 2008. Their proceedings were published earlier; thus with the addition of the present volume, a valuable body of articles in four volumes is now available on multiple historical, cultural and civilizational aspects of Volga-Ural region.